Synthetic personas are a recent category. Here's the working definition.
A synthetic persona is a constructed individual. Each trait is sampled from real demographic data, conditional on the traits drawn before it. The dimensions span age, country, occupation, income, beliefs, lifestyle, and physical features. The output is a coherent, complete record for someone who doesn't exist.
Pass one to a language model and it answers in character. A thousand of them stand in for a real population, queryable for the cost of an API call.
Now, what to do with one. Or a thousand.